Intrinsic alignments of group and cluster galaxies in photometric surveys

Intrinsic alignments of galaxies have been shown to contaminate weak gravitational lensing observables on linear scales, $r>$ 10 $h^{-1}$Mpc, but studies of alignments in the non-linear regime have thus far been inconclusive. We present an estimator for extracting the intrinsic alignment signal of galaxies around stacked clusters of galaxies from multiband imaging data. Our estimator removes the contamination caused by galaxies that are gravitationally lensed by the clusters and scattered in redshift space due to photometric redshift uncertainties. It uses posterior probability distributions for the redshifts of the galaxies in the sample and it is easily extended to obtain the weak gravitational lensing signal while removing the intrinsic alignment contamination. We apply this algorithm to groups and clusters of galaxies identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey `Stripe 82' coadded imaging data over $\sim 150$ deg$^2$. We find that the intrinsic alignment signal around stacked clusters in the redshift range $0.1<z<0.4$ is consistent with zero. In terms of the tidal alignment model of Catelan et al. (2001), we set joint constraints on the strength of the alignment and the bias of the lensing groups and clusters on scales between 0.1 and $10\,h^{-1}$ Mpc, $b_LC_1\rho_{\rm crit} = -2_{-14}^{+14} \times 10^{-4}$. This constrains the contamination fraction of alignment to lensing signal to the range between $[-18,23]$ per cent below scales of 1 $h^{-1}$ Mpc at 95 per cent confidence level, and this result depends on our photometric redshift quality and selection criteria used to identify background galaxies. Our results are robust to the choice of photometric band in which the shapes are measured ($i$ and $r$) and to centring on the Brightest Cluster Galaxy or on the geometrical centre of the clusters.Comment: 30 pages, 16 figures, published in MNRA

Admissibility as a Touchstone

Consider the problem of estimating simultaneously the means θi of independent normal random variables xi with unit variance. Under the weighted quadratic loss L(θ,a)=∑iλi(θi−ai)2 with positive weights it is well known that: (1) An estimator which is admissible under one set of weights is admissible under all weights. (2) Estimating individual coordinates by proper Bayes estimators results in an admissible estimator. (3) Estimating individual coordinates by admissible estimators may result in an inadmissible estimator, when the number of coordinates is large enough. A dominating estimator must link observations in the sense that at least one θi is estimated using observations other than xi. We consider an infinite model with a countable number of coordinates. In the infinite model admissibility does depend on the weights used and by linking coordinates it is possible to dominate even estimators which are proper Bayes for individual coordinates. Specifically, we show that when θi are square summable, the estimator δi(x)≡1 is admissible for λi=e−ic,c\u3e1/2, but inadmissible for λi=1/i1+c,c\u3e0. In the latter case, a dominating estimator π=(π1,π2,⋯) is of the form πi(x)=1−εi(x), where εi links all the observations x1,x2,⋯. Infinite models frequently arise in estimation problems for Gaussian processes. For example, in estimating the drift function θ of the Wiener process W under the loss L(θ,a)=∫[θ(t)−a(t)]2dt, the transformation xi=∫ΦidW with Φi an appropriate complete orthonormal sequence gives rise to a model which is equivalent to an infinite model with λi = 1/i2

‘He didn’t even know there was a dictatorship’: the complicity of a psychoanalyst with the Brazilian military regime

The history of psychoanalysis in Brazil during the civilian-military dictatorship (1964-1985) has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years as an instance of institutional complicity with authoritarian rule. The case of Amilcar Lobo in Rio de Janeiro is now well known. However, there is less documentation of events in São Paulo, leading to a misrepresentation of the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo as having passed relatively unscathed through the dictatorial period. This paper confronts this misrepresentation by documenting the case of a psychoanalyst from São Paulo who was involved with the torture regime. A detailed account is presented of claims made to the authors about the actions of this psychoanalyst in relation to a political prisoner of the period, and some parallels are made with material in two published works by him. It is suggested that this particular psychoanalyst’s behaviour reflects attitudes prevalent in the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo at the time, including its support for the view that political resistance was a sign of psychological ‘immaturity’ or pathology

Mapping the allowed parameter space for decaying dark matter models

I consider constraints on a phenomenological decaying-dark-matter model, in which two weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) species have a small mass splitting, and in which the heavier particle decays to the lighter particle and a massless particle on cosmological timescales. The decay parameter space is parameterized by $v_k$, the speed of the lighter particle in the center-of-mass frame of the heavier particle prior to decay, and the decay time $\tau$. Since I consider the case in which dark-matter halos have formed before there has been significant decay, I focus on the effects of decay in already-formed halos. I show that the $v_k-\tau$ parameter space may be constrained by observed properties of dark-matter halos. I highlight which set of observations is likely to yield the cleanest constraints on $v_k-\tau$ parameter space, and calculate the constraints in those cases in which the effect of decay on the observables can be calculated without N-body simulations of decaying dark matter. I show that for $v_k \gtrsim 5\times 10^3$ km s$^{-1}$, the z=0 galaxy cluster mass function and halo mass-concentration relation constrain $\tau \gtrsim$ 40 Gyr, and that precise constraints on $\tau$ for smaller $v_k$ will require N-body simulations.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, references added, replaced to match version published in Phys. Rev.

Fluid Models of Many-server Queues with Abandonment

We study many-server queues with abandonment in which customers have general service and patience time distributions. The dynamics of the system are modeled using measure- valued processes, to keep track of the residual service and patience times of each customer. Deterministic fluid models are established to provide first-order approximation for this model. The fluid model solution, which is proved to uniquely exists, serves as the fluid limit of the many-server queue, as the number of servers becomes large. Based on the fluid model solution, first-order approximations for various performance quantities are proposed

Ring-type singular solutions of the biharmonic nonlinear Schrodinger equation

We present new singular solutions of the biharmonic nonlinear Schrodinger equation in dimension d and nonlinearity exponent 2\sigma+1. These solutions collapse with the quasi self-similar ring profile, with ring width L(t) that vanishes at singularity, and radius proportional to L^\alpha, where \alpha=(4-\sigma)/(\sigma(d-1)). The blowup rate of these solutions is 1/(3+\alpha) for 4/d\le\sigma<4, and slightly faster than 1/4 for \sigma=4. These solutions are analogous to the ring-type solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures, research articl

Detection of intrinsic cluster alignments to 100 Mpc/h in the SDSS

We measure the large-scale intrinsic alignments of galaxy clusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using subsets of two cluster catalogues: 6625 clusters with 0.1<z<0.3 from the maxBCG cluster catalogue (Koester et al. 2007, 7500 sq. deg.), and 8081 clusters with 0.08<z<0.44 from the Adaptive Matched Filter catalogue (Dong et al. 2008, 6500 sq. deg.). We search for two types of cluster alignments using pairs of clusters: the alignment between the projected major axes of the clusters (`correlation' alignment), and the alignment between one cluster major axis and the line connecting it to the other cluster in the pair (`pointing' alignment). In each case, we use the cluster member galaxy distribution as a tracer of the cluster shape. All measurements are carried out with each catalogue separately, to check for dependence on cluster selection procedure. We find a strong detection of the pointing alignment on scales up to 100 Mpc/h, at the 6 or 10-sigma level depending on the cluster selection algorithm used. The correlation alignment is only marginally detected up to ~20 Mpc/h, at the 2 or 2.5-sigma level. These results support our current theoretical understanding of galaxy cluster intrinsic alignments in the LCDM paradigm, although further work will be needed to understand the impact of cluster selection effects and observational measurement errors on the amplitude of the detection.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to MNRAS; minor revisions to address referee comments primarily in section 5, no changes to result

Conformance checking and performance improvement in scheduled processes: A queueing-network perspective

Service processes, for example in transportation, telecommunications or the health sector, are the backbone of today's economies. Conceptual models of service processes enable operational analysis that supports, e.g., resource provisioning or delay prediction. In the presence of event logs containing recorded traces of process execution, such operational models can be mined automatically.In this work, we target the analysis of resource-driven, scheduled processes based on event logs. We focus on processes for which there exists a pre-defined assignment of activity instances to resources that execute activities. Specifically, we approach the questions of conformance checking (how to assess the conformance of the schedule and the actual process execution) and performance improvement (how to improve the operational process performance). The first question is addressed based on a queueing network for both the schedule and the actual process execution. Based on these models, we detect operational deviations and then apply statistical inference and similarity measures to validate the scheduling assumptions, thereby identifying root-causes for these deviations. These results are the starting point for our technique to improve the operational performance. It suggests adaptations of the scheduling policy of the service process to decrease the tardiness (non-punctuality) and lower the flow time. We demonstrate the value of our approach based on a real-world dataset comprising clinical pathways of an outpatient clinic that have been recorded by a real-time location system (RTLS). Our results indicate that the presented technique enables localization of operational bottlenecks along with their root-causes, while our improvement technique yields a decrease in median tardiness and flow time by more than 20%

On the occupation of X-ray selected galaxy groups by radio AGN since z=1.3

Previous clustering analysis of low-power radio AGN has indicated that they preferentially live in massive groups. The X-ray surveys of the COSMOS field have achieved a sensitivity at which these groups are directly detected out to z=1.3. Making use of Chandra-, XMM- and VLA-COSMOS surveys we identify radio AGN members (10**23.6 < L_1.4GHz/(W/Hz) < 10**25) of galaxy groups (10**13.2 < M_200/M_sun < 10**14.4; 0.1<z<1.3) and study i) the radio AGN -- X-ray group occupation statistics as a function of group mass, and ii) the distribution of radio AGN within the groups. We find that radio AGN are preferentially associated with galaxies close to the center (< 0.2r_200). Compared to our control sample of group members matched in stellar mass and color to the radio AGN host galaxies, we find a significant enhancement of radio AGN activity associated with 10**13.6 < M_200/M_sun < 10**14 halos. We present the first direct measurement of the halo occupation distribution (HOD) for radio AGN, based on the total mass function of galaxy groups hosting radio AGN. Our results suggest a possible deviation from the usually assumed power law HOD model. We also find an overall increase of the fraction of radio AGN in galaxy groups (<1r_200), relative to that in all environments.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter